Behind the white coat: depression and anxiety among medical students

Abstract

Introduction: Depression and anxiety are major mental health concerns, particularly among medical students exposed to intense academic and emotional stress. Factors such as demanding workloads, performance pressure, early exposure to clinical situations, and vocational insecurity contribute to psychological symptoms. Evidence shows that the prevalence of these disorders is higher among medical students compared to the general population, potentially impairing academic performance, relationships, and professional training.

Objective: This study investigated the prevalence of depression and anxiety symptoms among medical students and identified the main factors associated with these disorders.

Method: A prospective, observational, and cross-sectional design was employed. Data collection used a questionnaire via Google Forms, applying the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) as the assessment instrument.

Results: The sample included 162 medical students, predominantly women (70%). Most participants (87%) were enrolled between the first and eighth semesters, with the highest concentration in the eighth semester (19%). Anxiety results (HAD-A) indicated that 38% were classified as “probable anxiety”, 35% as “possible anxiety”, and 27% as “unlikely anxiety”. For depression (HAD-D), 60% were classified as “unlikely”, 29% as “possible”, and 11% as “probable depression”.

Conclusion: Anxiety and depression are significant among medical students, particularly in the early stages with greater impact among men. Although no statistically significant differences were observed between pre-internship and internship groups, a trend toward reduced HADS scores was noted during the internship. These results highlight the importance of institutional strategies to promote mental health and continuous support throughout medical training.