Alendronate impairs key ion pumps and triggers structural damage in the upper airway mucosa and olfactory bulb
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Introduction: Alendronate (ALN) is bisphosphonate used in clinical practice to reduce the adverse consequences of bone pathological condition.
Objective: This study aimed to investigate the effects of alendronate (ALN) administration on the immunoexpression of Na+K+ATPase and v-ATPase within the upper airway mucosa and olfactory bulb of rats.
Method: Sixteen animals were equally distributed into control and experimental groups, with the latter receiving daily intraperitoneal doses of ALN (2.5 mg/kg). After 7 days, the rats were euthanized, and their heads were processed for histological evaluation and immunohistochemical quantification of both target proton pumps to assess tissue structural integrity.
Results: On the seventh day, the animals were euthanized, and their heads were processed for histological and immunohistochemical examinations. Specimens treated with ALN exhibited a decreased presence of Na+K+ATPase and v-ATPase in both the respiratory epithelium and the olfactory bulb. These findings coincided with vacuolization and a loss of polarity within the respiratory epithelium, alongside profound cellular degeneration in the olfactory bulb.
Conclusion: It can be concluded that the administration of alendronate may alter the histomorphology of the respiratory epithelial, additionally compromising olfactory bulb integrity due to the down-regulation of the expression of Na+K+ATPase and v-ATPase expression.
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