Nanotecnologia para combate ao glioblastoma: uma revisão sistemática
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Conteúdo do artigo principal
Resumo
Introdução: O glioblastoma é o câncer maligno mais comum do sistema nervoso central e tem um prognóstico sombrio. Normalmente, a sobrevida global média é de 15 meses com tratamentos, como ressecção cirúrgica, radioterapia e quimioterapia com temozolomida. No entanto, as principais razões para a falta de melhora na sobrevida do paciente são a baixa entrega do medicamento no local do tumor e a sensibilidade inadequada do tumor. Nesse sentido, as nanopartículas estão sendo consideradas como uma nova abordagem. São pequenos (1-100 nm), mas possuem grande área superficial, o que aumenta a solubilidade e a biodisponibilidade dos fármacos, favorecendo a difusão através da barreira hematoencefálica, aumentando a solubilidade dos fármacos hidrofóbicos e garantindo uma distribuição homogênea no tumor.
Objetivo: Avaliar se a nanotecnologia pode melhorar o prognóstico de espécimes e pacientes com glioblastoma.
Método: Revisão integrativa da literatura de acordo com o protocolo PRISMA, com foco em artigos publicados nos últimos 10 anos.
Resultado: Vinte e sete artigos pré-clínicos foram incluídos.
Discussão: Foram encontradas nanopartículas de ferro e ferritina, nanopartículas de óxido de ferro, nanopartículas superparamagnéticas de óxido de ferro, nanopartículas de magnetita e outras. As nanopartículas têm demonstrado sua importância no tratamento do microambiente tumoral e na facilitação da penetração do fármaco em concentrações eficientes através da barreira hematoencefálica. A imunoterapia fototérmica mediada por nanoestrelas de ouro plasmônico e o ácido lático-co-glicólico têm se mostrado terapias promissoras para o glioblastoma.
Conclusão: A identificação do fármaco mais eficaz e a funcionalização ótima da nanotecnologia ainda é um desafio. Estudos com maior significância estatística são necessários para futuros ensaios clínicos.
Detalhes do artigo
Este trabalho está licenciado sob uma licença Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
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